Here in
rural Nova Scotia the considerations and practicalities are much different.
During the past winter our hydro went out twice, once for 6 hours and the other
time for about 3 hours. Having the woodstove which has (at this date) evolved into our main heat
source does provide less concern about having no power, but having an electric pumped deep well
for water, it is more critical ~ it is a fact that a box of matches and a candle does make the toilet flush …..
A possible power
outage for 6 hours is fine and no big deal, but one never knows for how long
the hydro is going to be out. During the past winter, some of our east coast
neighbours in New Brunswick were in the dark for up to 10 days. So with that fact in mind, it provided enough motivation to investigate generators and all that goes along
with them.
The Planning
and Considerations ~
There are a few planning and considerations to take into account before purchasing a generator
and the associated additions. The first
one is "what are the needs and wants" as far a desired features and
appliances to be powered. It is good to have the fridge, the freezer and the deep well pump
as "the needs". Then "the wants", could be
the TV, modem, some lights, the kettle and microwave. Once that is all decided the
total power requirements must be calculated.
If those selected
features/items were all running (in our case with only the kettle or microwave but not
both), it would amount to about 5500W. To this calculated wattage, the start-up demand must also be considered for motorized appliances such as fridge, deep well pump and freezer.
In my example this could (briefly) add an additional 2000W to the overall power output
requirement from the generator. I would therefore need a generator with at least
5500W running power, and in the unlikely scenario of everything starting at the
same time a total requirement of about 7500W.
Choosing an actual make of generator
is a minefield, there are far too many cheaply manufactured Chinese knock-offs
on the market, which I am told would make better ship anchors than generators. Considering
this fact, I spent a good amount of time researching a lot of makes and finally deciding
upon either Briggs & Stratton or Champion. The ultimate decision came down to
which one of the two would come on sale first at Canadian Tire ~ eventually the Champion did
at $400 off, it is Model #100107, 6500W running with 7800 starting watts.
The next
part of the overall puzzle was how do I get the power from the generator
to my appliances ..? I had absolutely no idea, so this too required careful research and education through one, two or more YouTube videos. I learned
early on, that a generator must never be wired in a way that it makes your
breaker panel live. This type of direct connection could have fatal
consequences for utility repair crews and also overload your generator by possibly
powering too many circuits in the house. The correct and legal way is to, either use a two position Interlock Toggle Switch added to your main breaker panel, which flips between that and a second breaker panel powered by the generator, thus allowing
only one to be powered at any time ~ by either the utility or generator. A
disadvantage of this type of arrangement is that you never know when the power is restored unless
you switch back to the main breaker panel to find out.
The other
method is a transfer box, which in a very clever way allows the main breaker panel
to be left on but not powered by the generator, while transferring generator
power to your selected circuits ~ this was my preferred option.
The
purchases and transportation ~
Not being a
person who likes to pay for delivery, a relevant and important aspect of the
Champion generator purchase was ~ will it fit into the back of a 4-door Civic
...? I called
Canadian Tire to ask if someone could measure the box, which they kindly
did. So with those numbers I carefully and methodically studied the Civic door
opening with the acquired box dimensions. I decided that if the box is lifted in a level state 3
inches above the back seat, it would fit ... but with not much room for
error. The only possible negative to my plan was the weight, the Champion is
213lbs. So, I could foresee a slight issue with that aspect, how to keep the
box level and elevated the necessary 3 inches ......
Circuits and Balancing ~
Before doing any installing, another prerequisite is to decide what house circuits have to be powered to accommodate the selected features and appliances. The transfer box has a total of 6 protected circuits 3 on each side of the box with each having a 120V supply. Two of those (one from each side) are required for the deep well pump giving a total 240V. This then leaves 2 circuits at each side for everything else.
Feeling somewhat
confident about my Honda Civic back seat analysis, off we went to Canadian Tire. Eventually, it took
myself and two Canadian Tire guys to guide the box into the Civic.
During the whole process at no time did those two guys, show the slightest
confidence in my continued assurances that the box would fit. They kept
reminding me that they could arrange delivery ~ “no way” I thought, it’s going
in ... and it did.
Uncharacteristically
though, I neglected to plan for the arrival and eventual extraction of the box,
all I will say it provided a number of interesting challenges ...!!!
The transfer
box which is a complete kit, is a Reliance 31406CRK, which came with a 10' generator
cable. I required 60', so I also ordered an additional 50'. This will allow the generator
to be operated at the open door of the garage, keeping the noise level away
from the house. The cable and the kit were bought through Amazon.ca with no
delivery charge.
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| The Reliance Transfer Box |
Circuits and Balancing ~
Before doing any installing, another prerequisite is to decide what house circuits have to be powered to accommodate the selected features and appliances. The transfer box has a total of 6 protected circuits 3 on each side of the box with each having a 120V supply. Two of those (one from each side) are required for the deep well pump giving a total 240V. This then leaves 2 circuits at each side for everything else.
Also the power requirements on the both sides transfer box (marked A~B~C and E~F~G) have
to be balanced. For example if all the appliances use 5500W, it best to try and
get as close as possible 2750W from each side. In my situation, if everything was
running I will have 2500W and 3000W.
The Installation ~
This is my
favourite part ~ taking all the theory, the study and the planning, then putting it into practise ....
After
mounting the transfer box next to the main breaker panel, all the selected house
circuits have to be wired via the main breaker panel into the transfer box. An inlet
box which is also supplied with the kit, is installed at a convenient location on the
outside of the house. Some additional 10/3 building wire is required to go from
the back of the inlet box to the in-house transfer box.
 |
| Transfer Box in position ready to be wired into the selected house circuits |
 |
| All wired and closed |
The Testing ~
After the
installation, it was time to test that everything was good and fine. Each
circuit on the transfer box has its own three position toggle switch ~ LINE
(utility powered), OFF (no power) and GEN (generator powered).
The first
test is to confirm the "LINE" position, in this position all the selected
circuits should be live powered from the utility, then the "OFF"
position where the circuits will have no power, finally my favourite "GEN",
for this test the generator has to be fired up.
There is a
sequence to this, first plug the generator cable into both the inlet box on the
outside wall of the house and the other end into the generator. Start the generator,
let it run for a couple of minutes to balance out. Flip the generator Breaker
to "ON", then with a flashlight (because the house power is off), go to your
transfer box and flip each circuit one at a time from "LINE" to "GEN".
If the job is done correctly you will have lights, fridge, freezer, kettle or
microwave and flushing toilets .....
IT WORKED ...
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| The Inlet Box |
 |
| The Generator Cable |
 |
| The Champ |
